Delivering Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Care in Parkinson's Disease: An International Consensus Statement.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder impacting everyday function and quality of life. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving symptoms, function, and quality of life and reducing disability, particularly given the lack of disease-modifying agents and limitations of medications and surgical therapies. However, rehabilitative care is under-recognized and under-utilized in PD and often only utilized in later disease stages, despite research and guidelines demonstrating its positive effects. Currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding fundamental topics related to rehabilitative services in PD. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the international Parkinson's Foundation Rehabilitation Medicine Task Force was to develop a consensus statement regarding the incorporation of rehabilitation in PD care. METHODS: The Task Force, comprised of international multidisciplinary experts in PD and rehabilitation and people directly affected by PD, met virtually to discuss topics such as rehabilitative services, existing therapy guidelines and rehabilitation literature in PD, and gaps and needs. A systematic, interactive, and iterative process was used to develop consensus-based statements on core components of PD rehabilitation and discipline-specific interventions. RESULTS: The expert-based consensus statement outlines key tenets of rehabilitative care including its multidisciplinary approach and discipline-specific guidance for occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech language pathology/therapy, and psychology/neuropsychology across all PD stages. CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitative interventions should be an essential component in the comprehensive treatment of PD, from diagnosis to advanced disease. Greater education and awareness of the benefits of rehabilitative services for people with PD and their care partners, and further evidence-based and scientific study are encouraged.

Intellectual Humility: How Recognizing the Fallibility of Our Beliefs and Owning Our Limits May Create a Better Relationship Between the Physical Therapy Profession and Disability.

Despite the many advancements over the history of the profession, physical therapy remains in a somewhat paradoxical relationship with disability. The physical therapist profession values disability as diversity but continues to focus on the normalization of body functions as the primary means to promote functionality in people with disability. This focus, consistent with a medicalized view of disability, may prevent physical therapists from empowering individuals with disability to explore alternative, yet effective, perceptual-motor strategies to achieve their functional goals. Additionally, recent research documents implicit, negative biases of physical therapists and physical therapist assistants toward people with disability, again consistent with the medicalized view that disability is the product of an imperfectly functioning body. Dominant underlying beliefs in any profession are often difficult to counter because they are so pervasive, and those beliefs can be reinforced and made stronger when challenged. The purpose of this Perspective article is to introduce physical therapists to a rising construct in psychology-intellectual humility-that may help to facilitate the profession's relationship with disability. Intellectual humility is predicated on recognizing the fallibility of one's beliefs and related practices. Intellectual humility is a promising construct for physical therapy to address the disability paradox and confront implicit attitudes that have served as the basis for many dominant ideas about disability. This Perspective synthesizes views and evidence from the behavioral and social sciences, philosophy, and critical disability studies to contribute to the ongoing evolution of the profession with respect to disability. IMPACT: The development of enhanced intellectual humility in physical therapy may help to challenge long-held beliefs among physical therapists about disability-many of which are unnoticed, unquestioned, and difficult to counter.

Advocacy: The seventh foundational principle and core competency of rehabilitation psychology.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Advocacy has received increasing attention in the field of psychology over the past few years, including in the subfield of rehabilitation psychology. Psychology has been criticized for over-focusing on individual responses to complex sociopolitical problems. Rehabilitation psychology has tended to do this in much the same way, by placing the onus on individual disabled persons' responses to disability and overlooking the systemic and structural concerns of the environment. Advocacy has a long and important history as a competency for the practice of Rehabilitation Psychology. Yet, rehabilitation psychologists rarely receive formal training or guidance about performing effective advocacy efforts. The original six Foundational Principles include the person-environment relation, the insider-outsider distinction, adjustment to disability, psychological assets, self-perception of bodily states, and human dignity. Beatrice Wright advised that the guiding principles must be subject to review and open to expansion. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: N/A. RESULTS: N/A. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: These authors believe that advocacy should be officially adopted as the seventh foundational principle of Rehabilitation Psychology. Rather than define advocacy narrowly as efforts within individual patient or family contexts, we argue that advocacy should be a broad construct of work done alongside the disability community and follow the lead of those with lived experience to avoid unintended consequences of well-intentioned advocacy efforts. We share models of advocacy in the field of psychology, including those most pertinent to rehabilitation psychology. Current disability advocacy priorities are highlighted at the individual, institutional, and discipline levels including interfacing with policymakers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The association between hope and employment among individuals with multiple sclerosis: A hierarchical logistic regression model.

BACKGROUND: Most people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are employed at the time of their diagnosis; however, due to the unpredictable nature of MS, most exit the workforce shortly thereafter. A plethora of research has examined factors that negatively affect employment outcomes for people with MS. However, little is known about how hope, a modifiable positive psychology factor, affects employment. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the role of hope and its association with employment outcomes for people with MS. METHODS: Two-hundred and fifty-five adults with MS (mean ± SD age, 45.45 years ± 10.28) completed surveys about their MS, employment, disability-related stress, and hope. A three-step hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to examine the extent to which hope explains the variance in employment, over and above demographic and disability related covariates. RESULTS: The final model explained 28% of the variance in employment, suggesting that the model was able to distinguish people with MS who were employed versus those who were unemployed. Higher levels of hope were associated with an increased probability of being employed (OR = 4.65; 95% CI [1.98, 10.92]). CONCLUSION: This study supports that hope is associated with favorable employment outcomes for people with MS. Persons with MS may benefit from working with rehabilitation professionals to enhance their hope, and this study provides a foundation for the development of hope-based interventions to improve employment outcomes among this population.

Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

20 anos da comissão consultiva em avaliação psicológica: desafios da ADI 3481 / 20 years of the advisory committee on psychological assessment: challenges of ADI 3481 / 20 años de la comisión consultiva en evaluación psicológica: desafíos de la ADI 3481

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), em seu 20º aniversário, vem discutir os possíveis efeitos, ainda efetivamente desconhecidos, da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3481, instruída no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), a qual desestruturou o modo como os testes psicológicos eram comercializados no Brasil. A livre comercialização de testes psicológicos coloca em risco a segurança de avaliações psicológicas e cabe à categoria profissional pensar estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos. Neste artigo, são discutidos possíveis efeitos da ADI 3481 para a categoria profissional da psicologia, bem como para a sociedade em geral, e são também elencadas possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos, sem desconsiderar aspectos éticos relacionados a eles. Dessa forma, busca-se neste manuscrito, além da problematização dos efeitos derivados da ADI 3481, pensar soluções ou alternativas que venham a redirecionar a trajetória da área da avaliação psicológica no Brasil. Com isso, abre-se um espaço de discussão e encaminhamentos que a categoria profissional precisará tomar nos próximos anos.(AU)

The Advisory Commission for Psychological Assessment of the Federal Council of Psychology discusses, on its 20th anniversary, the possible and still effectively unknown effects of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (DAU) 3481, following the Supreme Federal Court, which interrupted how psychological tests were marketed in Brazil. The free trade of psychological tests puts the safety of psychological assessments at risk, and this professional category must think of strategies to face these risks. This study discusses the possible effects of DAU 3481 for professional psychology and for society in general, listing possible strategies for coping with these risks without disregarding its ethical aspects. Thus, this study seeks to problematize the effects derived from DAU 3481 and think of solutions or alternatives that may redirect the trajectory of the field of psychological assessment in Brazil, thus opening a space for discussion and referrals professional psychology will require in the coming years.(AU)

La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCEP) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), en su 20.º aniversario, propone discutir los posibles efectos aún efectivamente desconocidos de la Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI) 3481, determinada por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), por la cual trastornó la forma de comercializar las pruebas psicológicas en Brasil. La comercialización sin restricciones de las pruebas psicológicas pone en riesgo la seguridad de las evaluaciones psicológicas, y le corresponde a la categoría profesional pensar estrategias para enfrentar estos riesgos. En este artículo se discuten los posibles efectos de la ADI 3481 para la categoría profesional de la Psicología, así como para la sociedad en general, pero también se enumeran posibles estrategias para el enfrentamiento de estos riesgos, sin descuidar los aspectos éticos relacionados con ellos. Así, este manuscrito busca, además de problematizar los efectos derivados de la ADI 3481, pensar en soluciones o alternativas que puedan reconducir la trayectoria del campo de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil. Esto abre un espacio de discusión y derivaciones que la categoría profesional deberá tomar en los próximos años.(AU)

A disciplina psicologia do esporte nos cursos de psicologia e educação física / Sports psychology in psychology and physical education courses / La materia psicología del deporte en los cursos de psicología y educación física

Este discute a representatividade da disciplina Psicologia do Esporte nos cursos de Psicologia e Educação Física em instituições de ensino superior reconhecidas pelo MEC e situadas na região Sul do país. Foi realizado um estudo documental, com base nos currículos das Instituições. Os resultados revelaram que no Sul do Brasil 21,02% dos cursos de Psicologia, 41,96% dos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física e apenas 14,83% dos cursos de licenciatura em Educação Física apresentam a disciplina Psicologia do Esporte em sua grade curricular. Observou-se que a disciplina é ofertada mais frequentemente em regime obrigatório nos cursos de bacharelado em Educação Física. Nos cursos de Psicologia, quando ofertada, costuma ser optativa. Os resultados evidenciam uma maior oferta da disciplina para os estudantes de Educação Física, em relação aos de Psicologia, o que pode estar relacionado ao próprio contexto de surgimento da disciplina e sua popularização no meio acadêmico. Para que esse panorama possa mudar e se possa oferecer uma formação adequada no curso de Psicologia para fomentar essa opção de carreira, há necessidade de se repensar o currículo e o próprio perfil do egresso, de forma a dar mais oportunidade aos estudantes para que conheçam as bases teóricas e os campos de aplicação da Psicologia do Esporte. Tal lacuna pode acarretar a fragilização da disseminação desse conhecimento aos estudantes de graduação e a consequente ocupação do mercado de trabalho.(AU)

This study discusses the representativeness of Sports Psychology in Psychology and Physical Education courses at higher education institutions from Southern Brazil. A documentary study was conducted based on the institutions' curricula. Results show that 21.02% of the Psychology major, 41.96% of the bachelor's in Physical Education, and only 14.83% of the license in Physical Education offer Sports Psychology in their curricula. Sports Psychology is most often offered as a compulsory subject in the bachelor's program in Physical Education, whereas Psychology courses offer it mainly as an elective. Physical Education students have greater contact with the discipline when compared with Psychology students, which may be explained by its context of development and popularization in the academic environment. To change this scenario and offer adequate education in the Psychology programs to foster this career option, institutions must rethink their curriculum and the graduate profile itself. This would give students better opportunity to get to know its theoretical bases and fields of application. Such a gap can hinder the dissemination of this knowledge to undergraduate students and the consequent labor market occupation.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio es discutir la representatividad de la materia Psicología del Deporte en los cursos de Psicología y Educación Física en instituciones de educación superior de la región Sur de Brasil, reconocidas por el Ministerio de Educación (MEC). Se realizó un estudio documental, basado en los planes de estudio de las instituciones. Los resultados revelaron que, en el Sur de Brasil, el 21,02% de los cursos de Psicología, el 41,96% de los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física y sólo el 14,83% de los cursos de profesorado en Educación tienen la materia Psicología del Deporte en sus planes de estudio. Se observó que la materia Psicología del Deporte se ofrece con mayor frecuencia como asignatura obligatoria en los cursos de licenciatura en Educación Física. Cuando se ofrece en los cursos de Psicología, es una materia optativa. Los resultados muestran una mayor oferta para los estudiantes de Educación Física en comparación con Psicología, lo que puede estar relacionado con el contexto del surgimiento de la Psicología del Deporte como materia y su popularización en el ámbito académico. Para que este escenario cambie y sea posible ofrecer una formación adecuada en el curso de Psicología con el fin de fomentar esta opción de carrera, es necesario repensar el plan de estudios y el perfil del egresado, así los estudiantes tendrán más oportunidades de conocer sus bases teóricas y sus campos de actuación. Tal brecha puede debilitar la difusión de este conocimiento a los estudiantes de grado y la consecuente ocupación en el mercado laboral.(AU)

Percepções de psicólogos organizacionais sobre inclusão de pessoas com deficiência em empresas / Organizational psychologists' perceptions on the inclusion of people with disabilities in organizations / Percepciones de los psicólogos organizacionales sobre la inclusión de personas con discapacidad en las empresas

As dificuldades e barreiras enfrentadas no processo de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência (PcD) nas organizações incitam o desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Este estudo compreendeu a percepção de psicólogos organizacionais sobre a inclusão de PcD em empresas. Dezoito psicólogos atuantes na área de gestão de pessoas de empresas das sete regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul responderam a uma entrevista individual. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 33,17 anos, atuavam em empresas de diferentes segmentos, eram predominantemente do sexo feminino e possuíam pós-graduação em áreas relacionadas. Os relatos dos psicólogos alertaram para o fato de que, em suas graduações, o conteúdo sobre deficiência humana e, especificamente, inclusão no mercado de trabalho foi escasso ou inexistente. Essa lacuna na formação, de egressos de diferentes instituições de ensino superior, é relatada desde os anos de 1990. Para esses psicólogos, barreiras atitudinais e organizacionais são frequentemente enfrentadas no processo de inclusão, tais como o despreparo das empresas, gestores e colaboradores para receber as PcD, os poucos programas voltados a uma prática efetiva de inclusão e não somente ao cumprimento da legislação, além das dificuldades dos próprios profissionais em identificar os potenciais e as limitações que a PcD apresenta e de adaptá-la de maneira correta ao trabalho. O psicólogo organizacional pode contribuir para um processo adequado de inclusão por meio de práticas, tais como treinamentos e sensibilizações, que fomentem a informação e diminuam a discriminação e as dificuldades.(AU)

Difficulties and barriers to including people with disabilities (PwDs) in organizations drives research development. This study sought to understand how organizational psychologists perceived the inclusion of PwDs in organizations. Eighteen organizational psychologists who work in people management for companies in the seven regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul participated in an individual interview. Most interviewees were female, with average age of 33.17 years, had a postgraduate degree in the field, and worked in companies from different segments. During the interviews, the psychologists called attention to the little or nonexistent content on human disability and, specifically, inclusion in the labor market covered in the graduate course. This gap has been reported by graduates from different higher education institutions since the 1990s. According to the respondents, attitudinal and organizational barriers are often faced in the inclusion process, such as the unpreparedness of companies, managers, and employees to welcome PwD, the few programs aimed at an effective inclusion and not only to comply with the law, as well as the difficulties of the professionals themselves to identify the potentials and limitations that PwD present and to adapt them correctly to the work. Organizational psychologists can contribute to an adequate inclusion process by developing training and sensibilization activities that foster information and reduce discrimination and difficulties.(AU)

Las dificultades y barreras enfrentadas en el proceso de inclusión de personas con discapacidad (PcD) en las organizaciones fortalecen el desarrollo de la investigación. Este estudio entendió la percepción de los psicólogos organizacionales acerca de la inclusión de las PcD en las empresas. Dieciocho psicólogos que trabajan en el área de gestión de personas en empresas de las siete regiones del estado de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) respondieron a una entrevista individual. Los participantes tenían una edad promedio de 33,17 años, trabajaban en empresas de diferentes segmentos, eran predominantemente mujeres y tenían un posgrado en el área. Los informes de los psicólogos alertaron sobre el hecho de que el contenido sobre discapacidad humana y, específicamente, su inclusión en el mercado laboral era escaso o inexistente durante su formación académica. Esta brecha en la formación de los egresados de diferentes instituciones de educación superior se reporta desde los 1990. Para estos psicólogos, a menudo ocurren barreras organizacionales y de actitud en el proceso de inclusión de las PcD, como la falta de preparación de las empresas, gerentes y empleados para recibirlas, pocos programas destinados a una práctica efectiva de la inclusión, no solo al cumplimiento de la ley, y las dificultades de los profesionales para identificar las potencialidades y limitaciones y adecuarlas correctamente al trabajo. El psicólogo organizacional puede contribuir a un proceso de inclusión adecuado, con prácticas de capacitación y sensibilización que brindan información y reducen la discriminación y dificultades.(AU)

Valuing the insider-professional perspective of disability: A call for rehabilitation psychologists to support disabled psychologists and trainees across the profession.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: In this commentary, I call for rehabilitation psychologists to support and advocate for trainees and psychologists with disabilities across the profession as an extension of the foundational principles of the study. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: I reviewed the literature on psychologists and psychology trainees with disabilities, as well as the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology. RESULTS: A growing body of literature documents both the presence of psychologists and psychology trainees with disabilities and the barriers that they often encounter in the field. One of the foundational principles of rehabilitation psychology and the acknowledgment of the insider-outsider perspective of disability, which holds that disabled individuals, by nature of their lived experience, have unique perspectives on disability that enrich our overall understanding of it. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: Through their combination of lived experience and professional expertise, disabled psychologists and trainees bring a critical insider-professional perspective to the field, both inside and outside of rehabilitation psychology. It is both important and in line with our foundational principles that rehabilitation psychologists advocate for psychologists and trainees with disabilities in all settings, so that their important insider-professional perspective on disability can continue to advance the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Mapping Research Trends of Adapted Sport from 2001 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the research landscape in terms of keywords, annual outputs, journals, countries, and institutions and explore the hot topics and prospects regarding adapted sport research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Publications designated as "article" on adapted sport retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer 1.6.11, Citespace, and Bibliometrix in R Studio were applied for the bibliometric analyses. RESULTS: A total of 1887 articles were identified. Over the past two decades, athletic performance, sociology/psychology, and rehabilitation were extensively investigated. Basketball, soccer, and swimming were the three most focused adapted sports. Researchers showed a growing interest in submitting their studies to sport science, rehabilitation, and sociological journals. Adapted sport research was more common in developed countries and regions. The UK contributed most publications accounting for about 20% of the total publications. CONCLUSIONS: With the growth of publications concerning adapted sport, the bibliometric analysis presented an overview of collaboration, trends, and hotspots in the field.

Survey of internship training in rehabilitation psychology: 2019.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to obtain information about psychology internship training programs involving work with individuals with disabilities receiving rehabilitation services in the United States and Canada. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: The Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) directory was used to identify 426 training programs that listed supervised experience in rehabilitation psychology, and these programs were sent a survey assessing characteristics of their internship. There were 227 program directors who responded (53%), and 114 of them reported that their internship involved working with disabled persons receiving rehabilitation services. RESULTS: The majority of training programs were at a hospital or subacute rehabilitation facility (Veteran Affairs and non-Veteran Affairs), and 41% of the programs were housed within an independent psychology department. Sixteen programs (15%) had faculty who were board certified by the American Board of Rehabilitation Psychology (ABRP). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Interns were exposed to a broad range of conditions, such as brain injuries, orthopedic, and spinal cord injuries, as well as comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. Interns were also provided various levels of training in ABRP competencies across programs. Opportunities to improve training with rehabilitation populations at the internship level include increasing didactics related to rehabilitation psychology and increasing opportunities to work with ABRP faculty. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Relations among gratitude, adaptation to disability, and flourishing among adults with disabilities: A longitudinal mediation model.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Flourishing, a primary outcome of rehabilitation psychology, is understudied among adults with disabilities. Gratitude has emerged as an individual strength that is both malleable and robust in predicting flourishing and adaptation to disability. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of gratitude on flourishing over time and to analyze the potential mediating role of adaptation to disability on this relationship for a group of adults with disabilities. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: Data were collected at 3 time points over 21 months (N = 429). A single mediator model with external demographic variables was tested to determine the relationship of gratitude (Time 1) with adaptation to disability (Time 2) and flourishing (Time 3). Approximately 40% of the initial sample was retained across all time points. RESULTS: Gratitude predicted later flourishing and adaptation to disability accounted for a significant portion of this relationship, accounting for 27% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Results of this single mediator model indicate that adaptation to disability serves as a partial mediator of the relationship between gratitude and flourishing, with both gratitude and adaptation to disability having a significantly positive influence on flourishing. Understanding gratitude's influence on later adaptation and flourishing provides data to inform rehabilitation psychology interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A survey of postdoctoral training in rehabilitation psychology in the United States and Canada: 2019.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Survey psychology postdoctoral training programs involving patients with disability receiving rehabilitation services, and compare with similar data from 2007. RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: Public data sources identified 297 potential postdoctoral training programs. Of these, 100 programs (34%) provided services for patients with disability in rehabilitation settings, and 92% returned a survey (n = 92). RESULTS: Programs reported having a primary rehabilitation involvement (42%), a secondary involvement (26%), or an optional involvement (23%). Programs were based in university settings (27%), VA/DoD settings (35%), or private/public health care settings (38%). A total of 433 faculty and 308 residents were involved in these programs. Fifty percent (50%) of programs had faculty with American Board of Rehabilitation Psychology (ABRP) certification, while 62% of programs had faculty with American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN) certification. On average, programs formally taught 58% of the ABRP competencies. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to 2007, there has been a 200% increase in the number of training programs with rehabilitation involvement. However, there has been an overall decrease in the variety of populations with which residents work, and an overall decrease in the number of ABRP competencies that are formally taught, so that training has become more focused on specific populations and specific competencies to the exclusion of others. Many rehabilitation patients and teams receive services from psychologists whose professional concentration is not primarily in rehabilitation psychology, and many psychology residents involved with rehabilitation populations do not receive comprehensive training in rehabilitation psychology. There is an opportunity for rehabilitation psychologists to collaborate with these programs to enhance competent services to persons with disability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychometric properties of the Disability Identity Development Scale: Confirmatory factor and bifactor analyses.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: This work provides comprehensive analyses targeting the factor structure and dimensionality of the Disability Identity Development Scale (DIDS). In Forber-Pratt et al., 2020, disability was defined broadly to include individuals with visible or hidden disabilities across many disability groups (i.e., physical, intellectual, learning, or chronic illness). RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN: Retained items from previous exploratory factor analysis were administered to a sample of adults with disabilities (n = 1,126) ranging in age from 18-78 years. Confirmatory factor analytics (CFA) including traditional CFA, and bifactor confirmatory analyses were used to examine the dimensionality and structure of the DIDS. RESULTS: Traditional CFA provided lack of evidence in support of the oblique four-factor structure previously reported. Bifactor confirmatory analysis revealed items on the DIDS are consistent with unidimensional, and to a lesser degree multidimensional solutions (i.e., items lacked a level of content diversity to substantiate a complex, reliable multifactor structure). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Analytic results on the DIDS revealed reasonable psychometric properties as a measure of disability identity. Our results support using a sum or total score of disability identity. Results of this work are an important contribution to a growing body of literature supporting, and investigating, disability identity development. Furthermore, the DIDS measure with its resulting composite score of disability identity has the potential to inform clinicians in the field of rehabilitation psychology as well as informing future targeted interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Perceptions About the Efficacy and Acceptability of Telephone and Video-Delivered Allied Health Care for Adults With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional National Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare perceptions about the efficacy and acceptability of allied health care delivered via telephone and video call for adults with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Cross-sectional national survey. SETTING: Participants who accessed occupational therapy, physiotherapy, psychology, or speech pathology care via telephone or via video call from June to September 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred eighty-one adults with permanent or significant disabilities, or their carers, partners, or family members, who were funded by the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Experiences (eg, safety, efficacy, ease of use) with telephone and video-delivered care. Data were analyzed by calculating response proportions and chi-square tests to evaluate differences in experiences between allied health professions and between telephone and video modalities. RESULTS: Responses were obtained for 581 adults with disabilities. There was no evidence of differences between experiences with telephone or video-delivered services or across allied health professions. Overall, 47%-56% of respondents found telehealth technology easy to use (vs 17%-26% who found it difficult), 51%-55% felt comfortable communicating (vs 24%-27% who felt uncomfortable), 51%-67% were happy with the privacy and/or security (vs 6%-9% who were unhappy), 74% were happy with the safety (vs 5%-7% who were unhappy), and 56%-64% believed the care they received was effective (vs 17% who believed it was ineffective). Despite this, 48%-51% were unlikely to choose to use telephone or video consultations in the future (vs 32%-36% who were likely). CONCLUSIONS: Adults with disabilities in Australia had generally positive experiences receiving allied health care via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic, although some experienced difficulties using and communicating via the technology. Findings indicated no differences between satisfaction with telephone or video modalities, or between physiotherapy, speech pathology, occupational therapy, or psychology services.

Item development, internal consistency, and known-groups validity of the Self-Directed Mobility Scale.

PURPOSE: The aims of the current study include to: (1) describe the item development; and (2) begin the process of establishing the internal consistency and known-groups validity of the Self-Directed Mobility Scale. The purpose of the scale is to assess paediatric physical and occupational therapists' views towards self-directed mobility and their perceived ability and intentions to advocate for children's access to self-directed mobility. METHODS: Three individuals with expertise in kinesiology, psychology, paediatric rehabilitation, and disability studies served as the expert panel for item development. Four samples were included to determine internal consistency and known-groups validity: 350 physical therapists, 89 occupational therapists, 279 kinesiology undergraduate students, and 528 health and wellness undergraduate students. RESULTS: The internal consistency was above the acceptable level of 0.70 (range = 0.72-0.77) for all samples when two items regarding promoting other motor skills prior to powered mobility use and the temporary use of a mobility device were removed. Known-groups validity was established between all samples. CONCLUSIONS: The Self-Directed Mobility Scale appears to be a valid tool for assessing views of self-directed mobility and mobility advocacy intentions in paediatric physical and occupational therapists, as well as undergraduate students. Future work should examine the internal consistency based on study sample to ensure the (> 0.70) acceptable Cronbach's alpha level is met.Implications for rehabilitationThe Self-Directed Mobility Scale is a viable measurement tool to assess views of self-directed mobility and mobility advocacy intentions of pediatric physical and occupational therapists.In combination with other measures, the Self-Directed Mobility Scale may be used in future rehabilitation research to evaluate factors associated with provision of mobility technology to children with disabilities.

Development and validation of the social motivation scale in people with disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: Social effectiveness is key to success in the labor market. For decades, social motivation has been empirically studied as both a presumed cause and consequence of social effectiveness. Yet, few direct measures of social motivation exist, and even fewer have been validated with a disability population. This study provides the measurement structure and psychometric properties of a newly created measure of social motivation tested with a general disability population. RESEARCH DESIGN: Participants included 1,013 US adults with disabilities. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were implemented to validate the measure. RESULTS: Results of the EFA suggest that a reduced 26-item inventory exhibits a 5-factor structure in a general population of people with disabilities. These results were confirmed with the CFA. Concurrent validity analysis revealed that most factors were significantly associated with relevant psychosocial variables in the expected directions. CONCLUSIONS: The Social Motivation Inventory provides a useful tool for enhancing understanding of social motivation in rehabilitation psychology and rehabilitation counseling research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Acceptance of disability predicts quality of life in patients with epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: Acceptance of disability (AOD) is a key concept in rehabilitation psychology that enhances psychosocial adjustment of individuals with disability. However, the impact of AOD on well-being has never been examined for patients with epilepsy. The present study investigated whether AOD affects quality of life (QOL) in patients with epilepsy in the presence of other multiple aspects of epilepsy based on the biopsychosocial model. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 151 consecutive patients with epilepsy (77 men, aged 18-74 years) who underwent comprehensive assessment including long-term video-EEG monitoring, neuroimaging studies, and neuropsychological and psychosocial assessment in our epilepsy monitoring unit. Data were obtained from medical records and self-reported questionnaires. The outcome variable was QOL. Predictive variables included demographic characteristics, seizure-related variables (i.e., duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency, and number of antiepileptic drugs), psychological factors (i.e., AOD, depression, and self-stigma), and social factors (i.e., social support and education level). Acceptance of disability was measured by the Adaptation of Disability Scale-Revised (ADS-R), which we translated into Japanese with the original author's approval, and examined its internal consistency reliability. Data were analyzed using four hierarchical multiple regression analysis models. RESULTS: The mean ADS-R score was 80 (range 45-115). The predictors accounted for 42% of the variance in QOL (R2 = 0.45, ΔR2 = 0.42, F[8, 141] = 14.47, p = 0.00). Higher AOD (p < 0.01), higher social support (p < 0.01), and lower depression scores (p = 0.02) were found to contribute significantly to higher overall QOL. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed AOD as an important psychological concept, in addition to social support and depression as previously reported, to improve the QOL of patients with epilepsy. Acceptance of disability should be incorporated in the intervention to increase QOL of patients with epilepsy.

Psicodrama e acessibilidade: o olhar do psicodramatista com deficiência visual / Psychodrama and accessibility: the view of a psychodramatist visually-impared

INTRODUÇÃO: É possível fazer psicodrama sem enxergar? Essa pergunta originou este aprofundamento de um relato das vivências de uma das autoras, estudante de psicologia, psicodramatista em formação e pessoa cega. OBJETIVOS: Apresenta-se, neste estudo, uma investigação teórica de cunho psicodramático, que discute o imagético versus simbólico no psicodrama e a espontaneidade como fator de inclusão, com o objetivo de debater a possibilidade de psicoterapeutas com deficiência visual serem diretores de psicodrama e as conservas culturais em relação à deficiência presentes no meio psicodramático. MÉTODOS: A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa de narrativa autobiográfica, a qual permite que o ponto de partida para a análise seja a percepção subjetiva do próprio sujeito, e a compreensão do relato foi viabilizada por meio de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Desse modo, a discussão dos dados pretendeu elucidar algumas conservas culturais no campo das psicoterapias, sobretudo psicodramáticas, bem como as possibilidades de desconstruí-las para viabilizar um psicodrama acessível e possível aos diretores com deficiência visual. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se pela emergência de pesquisas e ações que enfoquem as pessoas com deficiência para além da habilitação e reabilitação, ampliando-se o campo das psicoterapias para uma compreensão destes como sujeitos ativos nos fazeres psicológicos.

INTRODUCTION: Is it possible to do psychodrama without seeing? This question originated this deepening of an account of the experiences of one of the authors, a psychology student, a psychodramatist in training, and a blind person. OBJECTIVES: In this study, a theoretical investigation of a psychodramatic nature is presented, which discusses the imaginary versus symbolic in psychodrama and spontaneity as an inclusion factor, to debate the possibility of psychotherapists with visual impairment being psychodrama directors and cultural preserves concerning the disability present in the psychodramatic environment. METHODS: The methodology used was the research of autobiographical narrative, which allows the starting point for the analysis to be the subjective perception of the subject himself, and the comprehension of the report was made possible through content analysis. RESULTS: In this way, the discussion of the data intended to elucidate some cultural preserves in the field of psychotherapies, especially psychodramatic ones, as well as the possibilities of deconstructing them to make an accessible and possible psychodrama for directors with visual impairments. CONCLUSION: It concludes by the emergence of research and actions that focus on people with disabilities beyond qualification and rehabilitation, expanding the field of psychotherapies to understand them as active subjects in psychological activities.

Percepción de la rehabilitación visual: Una mirada desde las personas con baja visión / Percepção da reabilitação da visão: uma visão de pessoas com baixa visão / Understanding Vision Rehabilitation: A Perspective from People with Low Vision

Introducción: la baja visión es una categoría de discapacidad visual que requiere un proceso de rehabilitación para maximizar la función visual y permitir a la persona desarrollar habilidades compensatorias para mejorar su funcionalidad. Objetivo: describir las percepciones de las personas con baja visión que recibieron servicios de rehabilitación funcional visual en dos centros de atención, frente al aporte de los servicios y barreras identificadas en el proceso. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo de tipo exploratorio. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas que realizaron su rehabilitación visual en dos centros de atención: Uno en Bogotá con un proceso de atención interdisciplinario y otro en Bucaramanga con un proceso de atención de menor interdisciplinariedad. El análisis siguió el proceso de descubrimiento, codificación y relativización de los datos. Resultados: Las personas que asistieron al centro de menor interdisciplinariedad, reconocieron el aporte de la rehabilitación para el desarrollo de actividades cotidianas básicas e instrumentales. Quienes asistieron al centro de mayor interdisciplinariedad destacaron los aportes de psicología, orientación y movilidad, y trabajo social como fundamentales. Pese a lo anterior, en las dos ciudades persisten barreras: dificultades para adquirir ayudas ópticas, de movilidad, arquitectónicas y para la inclusión laboral. Discusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de garantizar una rehabilitación funcional interdisciplinaria que contemple intervenciones adicionales a la prescripción de ayudas ópticas. Conclusiones: Los servicios interdisciplinarios obtienen mejores resultados en cuanto a las transformaciones que logran las personas en: aceptación de la condición de baja visión, movilidad, acceso a tecnología, y reconocimiento de derechos.

Introduction: Low vision is a category of visual impairment that needs a rehabilitation process to maximize visual function and provide the individual with compensatory skills to improve their functioning. Objective: To describe the perception of people with low vision who received functional vision rehabilitation in two rehabilitation centers in relation to service provision and barriers identified in the process. Materials and Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using 14 semi-structured interviews in people who received low vision rehabilitation in two rehabilitation centers: one in Bogotá providing interdisciplinary vision rehabilitation and another in Bucaramanga with less interdisciplinary vision rehabilitation. After analysis, data were recovered, classified and transformed. Results: People who attended the less interdisciplinary rehabilitation center recognized the contribution of rehabilitation for basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Those who attended the rehabilitation center providing greater interdisciplinary vision rehabilitation highlighted the contributions made from the psychology, orientation and mobility skills, and social work fields as essential. Despite this, barriers still exist in both cities: difficulties in acquiring optical, mobility and architectural aids, as well as in labor inclusion. Discussion: There is a clear need to ensure interdisciplinary vision rehabilitation that includes additional interventions for optical aid prescription. Conclusion: Best results are obtained by interdisciplinary vision rehabilitation in terms of transformations that individuals achieve in acceptance of the low vision condition, mobility, access to technology and rights recognition.

Introdução: A baixa visão é uma categoria de deficiência visual que precisa de um processo de reabilitação para maximizar a função visual e permitir que a pessoa desenvolva habilidades compensatórias para melhorar seu desempenho. Objetivo: Descrever as percepções das pessoas com baixa visão que receberam reabilitação visual funcional em dois centros de reabilitação em relação à prestação de serviços e às barreiras identificadas no processo. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo exploratório qualitativo foi conduzido utilizando 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas em pessoas que receberam reabilitação visual em dois centros de reabilitação visual: um em Bogotá com um processo de reabilitação da visão interdisciplinar e outro em Bucaramanga com reabilitação da visão menos interdisciplinar. Após análise, os dados foram recuperados, classificados e transformados. Resultados: As pessoas que compareceram ao centro de reabilitação menos interdisciplinar reconheceram a contribuição da reabilitação para atividades básicas e instrumentais da vida diária. As pessoas que compareceram ao centro de reabilitação de maior interdisciplinaridade ressaltaram como essenciais as contribuições feitas a partir da psicologia, habilidades de orientação e mobilidade, e campos de trabalho social. Apesar do acima exposto, ainda existem barreiras em ambas as cidades: dificuldades na aquisição de meios ópticos, de mobilidade e arquitetônicos, assim como na inclusão trabalhista. Discussão: Há uma clara necessidade de garantir a reabilitação funcional interdisciplinar que contemple intervenções adicionais para a prescrição de auxílios ópticos. Conclusão: Os melhores resultados são obtidos pela reabilitação interdisciplinar em termos das transformações que as pessoas alcançam na aceitação da condição de baixa visão, mobilidade, acesso à tecnologia e reconhecimento de direitos.